SCIENTIFIC METHOD
WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC METHOD?
Scientific
method is a specific method used to search for truth. It is based on the
following steps.
1.
Observation
Definition: The first step in scientific method
is to make observations of natural processes and to collect the data about
them.
Example: It
is a common observation that shadow of an opaque object formed when it is
placed in the path of light coming from the Sun or lamp.
2.
Hypothesis
Definition: On the basis of data collected
through observations we can develop a hypothesis. This is done in order to test
its logical results.
Example: We assume that shadow of opaque
object is formed when they come in the path of light because light travels in a
straight line.
3.
Experiment
Definition: This is an organized repeatable
process which is used to test the truth of the hypothesis.
Example: Three card boards A, B and C, each
with a hole are placed in a straight line such that the hole in card A is in
front of lamp. When we see through the hole in card C, we can see the light of
the lamp. If any of these cards is replaced, we cannot see light through the
hole C. thus this experiment proves that light travels in a straight line.
4.
Theory
Definition: After the successful experimentation,
the assumption becomes a theory and is applicable to similar phenomenon.
Example: Light always travels in a straight
line.
5.
Prediction
Definition: After the careful analysis of a
theory we can make predictions about certain unknown aspects of nature.
Example: Light coming from a torch moves in a
straight line.
6.
Law
Definition: After verification of prediction through
another experiment it becomes a law. Law is such a statement regarding the
behaviour of nature which explains the observations and experiments of the past
and can predict about other aspects of nature.
Example: The shadow of a ball will be round
whereas the shadow of a rectangular block will be rectangle.
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